A life cycle framework for the investigation of environmentally benign nanoparticles and products

1 Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2121 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA 2 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 4 Center for Life Cycle Analysis, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 6 Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA 7 School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 975306, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA 8 Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA